Blood Pressure and Its Effects on Your Health
Have you ever noticed that everytime you make visit to your doctor's office, a blood pressure reading is always taken? So what conclusion can be drawn from this observation? Blood pressure reading is a very important aspect of healthcare as it gives the caregiver a snapshot of the patient's wellbeing.
It is standard procedure that all patients eighteen and older should have their blood pressure checked every time they see a healthcare provider. Blood pressure is indicated by two measurements: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the measurement of the force with which the heart pumps blood out of its chambers and into the circulatory system (the contraction of the muscle). Diastolic pressure on the other hand, is the relaxation of the cardiac muscle, which occurs while the chambers of the heart begin to fill with blood again. While a reading of 120 mmHg (systolic pressure) / 80 mmHg (diastolic pressure) is widely considered the ideal pressure for our circulatory system, acceptable range falls between 100-138 mmHg for systolic pressure and 60-90 mmHg for diastolic pressure. Syndromes of high blood pressure are considered “a silent killer” since oftentimes there are very few symptoms or warning signs. Thus, it is absolutely essential to keep a close monitor of blood pressure before any serious complications arise. Perhaps the most fatal complication of hypertension is atherosclerosis. This occurs when the blood vessels become injured from enduring the intensity of high pressure of the traveling fluids. This condition can result in aneurysms, hemorrhages, blood clots and damages to other systems such as the heart (heart failure), eyes (damage to the retina) or even the brain (stroke). Usually, it takes around three to six separate blood pressure readings in order to obtain an accurate assessment of an individual’s baseline measurement. Therefore, to officially diagnose a patient as suffering from primary hypertension, the golden rule that the patient must have a high blood pressure reading on three separate office visits is followed (readings greater than 140/90 mmHg on three separate office visits = can formally diagnose patient as hypertension). The initial treatment is always non-pharmaceutical that comes in the fashion of a trial in lifestyle modifications that includes: exercise, weight loss (the most effective lifestyle modification), and salt restriction. An important rule of medical physiology is that wherever salt goes, fluid will follow. Therefore if we have too much salt in our diet, an increase pulling force of fluids will occur. This results in an influx of fluids entering our intracellular compartment with the hope of neutralizing the high salt content of the food that we ate. This physiological phenomenon directly results in an increase of blood pressure proving that dietary modification is one of the most essential element of keeping our blood pressure in check. (important to restriction salt intake for individuals with high blood pressure - think of all the healthy yet delicious meals everyone suggested in the previous HDL vs LDL post). If after three to six months of non-pharmaceutical therapy and the patient’s blood pressure is still elevated, a diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide should be taken with the hope of lowering the individual’s intracellular fluid, in turn, lowering the blood pressure. The majority of patients will be well stabilized with this medication alone, however, in the rare case that blood pressure is still elevated, a second anti-hypertensive medication such as an ACE inhibitor (captopril) or a beta blocker (metoprolol) should be included in the regiment. As with any other disease, working closely with your healthcare provider towards early detection is the key to preventing any serious complications of high blood pressure.
