Osteoarthritis
Let’s have a look at a scenario:
Mrs. Weelai is a sixty-six-year-old woman who visits her primary care doctor complaining of pain in both of her knees. She further explains that she started experiencing minor pain about ten years ago but over the years the pain has become unbearable. Today she came into the office at the urging of her daughter. Her doctor obtains Mrs. Weelai’s medical history. She goes on to explain that she is a proud owner of a popular Japanese restaurant situated in the town area. Even though recently she has slowed down and handed her manager role to her daughter, her knees have become too bothersome for her to move around. She is still present everyday at her restaurant sampling new delicious dishes created by the head chef. She immediately acknowledges that this is definitely not a healthy lifestyle for her as she is overweight and has diabetes type 2, currently taking metformin to control her blood sugar level. Mrs. Weelai shows great understanding of her health issues and desperately wants to escape her sedentary lifestyle. She has tried walking for weight reduction but the pain in her knees becomes unbearable after a few steps. Her doctor asks further about the pain with some simple open-ended questions: Describe your pain? On a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the worst, how would you rate your pain at the moment? What makes the pain worse and what makes the pain better? Does the pain radiate/travel to other parts of the body? Do you experience any stiffness in your knees in the morning, if so for how long? Mrs. Weelai promptly describes the pain in her knees as a dull sensation, remaining in her knees without traveling to her legs or any other parts of her body. She rates her pain as a 5 out of 10 while in the office but when she walks for more than ten minutes her pain rises to a 10 out of 10, and that only by resting and sitting seems to be the only way of alleviating the pain. She smiles and acknowledges that every morning when she wakes up she dreads the feeling of stiffness in her knees but thankfully it only lasts about fifteen minutes. (In another type of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, morning stiffness lasts over one hour.) During physical examination Mrs. Weelai is observed to be an obese sixty-six-year-old highly cooperative woman with a pleasant demeanor. Minimal swelling is immediately noted on both of her knees. Her knee-jerk reflex appears to be normal bilaterally on stimulation with a reflex hammer, indicating no nerve damage but perhaps structural damage. (Her normal reflex here suggests that her spinal nerves are normally functioning, therefore her injury is more likely structural damage.) However, when her doctor passively moves her legs at the knee joint he can distinctively hear clicking and grinding sounds with limited range of motion. When asked to walk for a few steps, Mrs. Weelai walks with a slight limp and short steps. She admits that walking with short steps is less painful on her knees than taking longer strides. (Here she is doing this in order to minimize the weight she puts on her knees.) At the end of the physical examination, her doctor shares with her that based on her medical history coupled with the physical examination, he suspects that she is suffering from osteoarthritis. He goes on to explain that osteoarthritis is by far the most common type of degenerative joint disease worldwide, affecting an estimated six hundred and thirty million individuals around the world. The pathology of this disease is simply slow erosion of the articulate cartilage on the surface of the connecting joints. Eventually patients begin to experience symptoms when the cartilage between the two joints is heavily damaged and the two adjacent bones begin to rub together when the patient moves around. Her doctor continues to explain to her that osteoarthritis usually affects weight-bearing joints such as: the knees, the hip, ankles, spine, and the fingers of the hands. Patients usually fall into three categories: old age (from the wear and tear of cartilage around the joints), trauma (contact sport or work injury), and last but not least, obesity (the patient’s own weight causing damage to the articular cartilage). Even though her doctor is almost certainly one hundred percent sure that Mrs. Weelai suffers from osteoarthritis, he orders an x-ray of her knees to get an image confirmation of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, he also orders a blood draw of ESR and rheumatoid factor to rule out another type of arthritis termed rheumatoid arthritis. Her doctor counsels her about the importance of weight loss to relieve the pressure of weight on her knees. He suggests to her non-weight bearing exercises such as hydrotherapy: walking in the swimming pool, yoga, and Tai chi. In addition to these activities, (which will help reduce weight as well as help regain mobility in the knee joints), her doctor also refers her to physical therapy twice weekly to closely monitor the progress in her knees. He also prescribes acetaminophen for her to take orally for occasional pain that she may experience. The next day Mrs. Weelai arrives to the office to see the result of her blood work and the X-ray of her knees. Both the ESR and rheumatoid factor in her blood work appears negative as expected therefore ruling out rheumatoid arthritis. Her doctor points out minimal osteophytes (outgrowth of bone along edges of bone) in the X-ray as well as how her joint space has become narrow. This confirms the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Mrs. Weelai expresses her excitement of the treatment plan and vows to work hard to regain her mobility again so that she can once again be a passionate and an active owner of her restaurant. She smiles and jokes that she will do everything in her power to get better because she does not want to have a knee replacement surgery! She looks forward to seeing her doctor on the follow-up visit.
- ความชรา (การสึกหลอของกระดูกอ่อนในข้อต่อ)
- อุบัติเหตุ (การเล่นกีฬา หรือการบาดเจ็บ)
- คนที่เป็นโรคอ้วน (น้ำหนักตัวมากทำให้ข้อต่อชำรุด)

