General Anxiety Disorder
Imagine this scenario: A young businesswoman is in a hurry to leave her house for an important meeting. She is stressed and on edge meticulously planning for her presentation. Her boss has hinted that she might receive a promotion if the meeting goes well. Before leaving the house, she pours out a bowl of cat food for her beloved cat, Somying. Running out of time, she quickly pays her credit card bill online and rushes to her car to drive to the office. During her drive she hopes her old car won’t break down. At the stoplight, she worries that she did not pour out enough food for her beloved cat and that Somying will go hungry. As she merges into the highway lane she cannot help but to think whether the credit card bill she paid online will help her avoid late fees.
Finally she arrives at the office building. As she takes the elevator to the top floor, the thought of her little nephew who fell yesterday at the playground creeps into her mind. Her nephew received only superficial scratches from his fall but she cannot help but to worry that the minor scratches will become infected. Finally she enters the meeting room and begins preparing for her big presentation, simultaneously worrying if her office coworkers will like her or not. Sound stressful? Do you or anyone you know go through the day with excessive, uncontrollable, and often irrational worries that often interfere with daily functions such as the businesswoman in this scenario? It is possible that they have some element of an anxiety disorder known as general anxiety disorder. General anxiety disorder is believed to be the most common emotional and psychological disorder worldwide. Patients will present with excessive anxiety and multiple worries similar to the above example. Typically the anxiety experienced will be out of proportion to the event and the patient will convey that they have been an anxious person as long as they can remember. As a result of being in a constant mode of anxiousness, the patient will also typically complain of fatigue, concentration difficulties, muscle tension (typically tension headaches from the strain of the neck muscles), and restlessness. For some reason, general anxiety disorder tends to affect the female gender more than the male gender. In order to diagnose someone with general anxiety disorder, the patient must experience anxiety episodes that occur daily for more than six months. The physical examination will be normal. It is very important to rule out medical causes that can mimic anxiety symptoms. As thyroid glands are the headquarters of our body’s metabolism center, it is important to check the TSH level (thyroid stimulating hormones) in the blood as to rule out the condition of hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, it is important to check the patient’s history such as: how many cups of coffee does the patient consume daily, and what type of medication the patient is taking as medications such as amphetamines can mimic anxiety symptoms. In short, general anxiety disorder is a diagnosis by exclusion. The patient must present with a history of anxiety symptoms for more than six months and medical tests must be ordered to exclude the possibility that the symptoms of anxiety stem from a medical condition and/or a pharmacological agent. Treatment of general anxiety disorder consists of relaxation training such as meditation, and psychotherapy. It is essential for the patient to become mindful of their anxiety producing thoughts. Pharmacotherapy such as SSRIs and benzodiazepines can serve as a bridge during the patient’s psychotherapy in order to reduce anxious thoughts while working toward controlling and keeping anxiety in check. Wishing everyone a clam and productive day.